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2000:A9 50 8D 5A C0 8D 5A C0 8D 5A C0 8D 5A C0 8E 5A
2010:C0 0A 8D 5A C0 20 00 BF 65 1D 20 00 00 04 00 00
2020:00 00 00 00
A 2000L should look something like this ...
2000: A9 50 LDA #$50
2002: 8D 5A C0 STA $C05A ; write $50 to $C05A four times to
2005: 8D 5A C0 STA $C05A ; enable access to the ZIP registers
2008: 8D 5A C0 STA $C05A
200B: 8D 5A C0 STA $C05A
200E: 8E 5A C0 STZ $C05A ; write $00 to $C05A to disable ZIP
2011: 0A ASL = SLOW mode
2012: 8D 5A C0 STA $C05A ; write $A0 to stop accessing ZIP
2015: 20 00 BF JSR $BF00 ; Do a ProDOS QUIT call
2018: 65 $65
2019: 1D 20 $201D
201B: 00 00 BRK $00
201D: 04 00 00 00 00 00 00
Use the following commands to save it:
CREATE SLOW,TSYS
BSAVE SLOW,TSYS,A$2000,L$24
To enable the ZipGS (= FAST mode), simply change one byte:
200F:5B
(this changes the STZ $C05A to STZ $C05B)
CREATE FAST,TSYS
BSAVE FAST,TSYS,A$2000,L$24
____________________________
From: William Baguhn
Reference: FAQs resource file R005SPLITC.GIF (pic file)
012- Is there some ZipGSx mod that will improve performance
without going to a faster crystal, etc.?
There is; you can do the ZipGSx Split Cache Mod. As your manual
explains, Zip GSX speed comes from having a faster processor which can access
code and data from its high-speed cache RAM. The standard 'GSX has a unified
cache, which means data and code have the possibility of overlapping. If the
cache controller sees a need to bring in a lot of code, it will go to main
memory and bring in up to 64k of code (or 16k in a 16k cache system) and,
possibly, overwrite useful data.
The reverse is also true. If the controller feels that a lot of data
needs to be brought in, it will cache the data, and, possibly, overwrite
useful code, causing another slowdown when the code needs to be fetched
again.
With a split cache, the code and data segments no longer overlap.
Caching code cannot overwrite data, caching data cannot overwrite code. The
drawback is that only 32k of data and 32k of code can be cached at once (in a
64k system), but usually this provides for more speed than being able to
cache a 64k mix of both.
To do the mod, you'll need a ZipGSX version 1.02 with either 16k or 64k
cache on it. If you're not sure exactly what board you have, it's pretty
straightforward to figure things out: open the computer and look at the Zip.
The board revision is silkscreened on just beneath the processor.
The cache size can be determined from the DIP switch settings. However,
a simpler guideline is look at the TAG/DATA sockets and count the number of
chips. If there are only 2 chips, you have either an 8k or a 32k cache. If
there are 4, then you should have 16k or 64k.
To modify your Zip for the Split Cache, you'll need a good hobby knife
that can cut the traces without damaging the board underneath too badly, as
well as two or three small lengths of wire. You will also need a good
pencil-style soldering iron, desoldering pump or braid, and high quality
rosin core (NOT acid core) solder. I use Radio Shack's .032 60/40 rosin core
solder. Kester makes excellent quality solder which is sold at many
electronics supply shops.
There is a potential of damaging expensive and delicate hardware. For
example, when cutting a circuit trace be careful not to cut deeply, lest you
cut a trace in the next layer of the circuit board. If you're not experienced
with cutting traces or soldering on circuit boards, find an old board and
take some time to practice.
The actual mod is very simple. Steps 1-3 and 5 are for all boards. Step
4 is for 16k cache boards only. (Note: The picture in FAQs resource file
R005SPLITC may be helpful for doing these mods.)
1. Locate J6 and J7. They are both blocks of 3 pinholes, which may or may
not have been soldered-in, near the bottom of the board next to connector J1,
where the gray cable attaches.
2. Cut the SMALL trace between pins 2 and 3 of both J6 and J7. This trace is
on the back (solder side) of the board.
3. Solder in a piece of wire between pins 1 and 3, of both J6 and J7. A wire
that has been bent into a U shape before soldering seems to work best, both
for ease of installation and aesthetic value.
4. 16k systems ONLY: (See the "16k" insert on the picture in FAQs resource
file R005SPLITC.) Cut the trace between pins 1 and 2 of J8 on the top side
of the board. (J8 is below the Cache SRAM sockets) Then, solder a piece of
wire between pins 2 and 3 of J8.
5. Set the DIP switches appropriately. The DIP switches needing to be set are
SW1-7 and SW1-8, they control the cache size. SW1-7 should be OFF for 64k, ON
for 16k. SW1-8 should be ON.
Reversing these changes is fairly easy. If you decide that the
performance change was detrimental, simply desolder the wires that you
installed, and solder in wires to replace the traces that were cut.
I found that the split cache sped up my system notably, especially under
the Finder and other desktop applications. Improvement was much less
noticeable under text applications. (I haven't checked affect on compiling
speed, yet.)
----------------------------
From: Rubywand
I tried the split-cache mod on my 10MHz/64kB ZipGSx. Before/after
timings were done for several tasks including Scrolls through Finder windows,
Scrolls and Find/Replace through Coolwriter (super-res) and Appleworks (plain
text) documents, and Platinum Paint fills.
Timing differences were very small-- usually within the error normally
experienced when clicking a stopwatch for repetitions of identical events.
Where a difference was observable, it favored the unified 64kB cache.
Evidently, at least on a 64kB board, the ZipGS does a fairly good job of
managing the unified cache. Possibly, the mod comes out ahead in some tasks
not sampled; or, it may work better on 16kB boards.
____________________________
From: Richard Der
013- I have a 7MHz ZipGS. How fast can the board be pushed without
getting new SRAMs or a new CPU? What parts do I need?
You may be able to get it to run at up to 10MHz by just replacing the
oscillator with a faster one for less than two dollars!
I have a Zip GS that came as a 7/32 and was used at 7MHz for a long
time. The board came with a socketed oscillator, so one day I swapped out the
28MHz oscillator for a 36MHz one. The computer booted up at 9MHz. When the
36MHz osc was replaced with a 40MHz osc, the Zip ran at an amazing 10MHz!
Your mileage may vary, though. The GS that this upgraded Zip resides in
has a high output power supply. Still, considering these oscillators cost
$1.39 each, it is worth getting three or four and trying an oscillator swap
alone first. If a faster oscillator alone won't do the trick, then a faster
CPU and/or faster cache chips may be necessary.
Good Luck!
____________________________
From: Frank M. Lin
014- What Oscillator freq corresponds to what TWGS/ZipGS operating speed?
For TWGS and ZipGS, the crystal oscillators runs at 4 times the speed of
the 65816. Below is a chart showing osc and corresponding TWGS or ZipGS
speed.
Osc Frequency MHz TWGS/ZipGS Speed MHz
32 8
33.3333 8.3333
36 9
40 10
42 10.5
46 11.5
48 12
50 12.5
55 13.75
60 15
My understanding is that, if you over-clock a CPU. It just won't
function. You can't damage it. As the disclaimer said, do it at your own
risk. I have tried to run my TWGS at 20 MHz, system won't boot at all. No
damage.
----------------------------
015- How do I experiment with different oscillator frequencies?
Most of the following is from a piece on ZipGS upgrading by Long. It is
also a useful guide for TWGS owners.
The ZipGS can use three types of crystal oscillators: the common 4-pin
"full TTL" size oscillator module (about the size of a 14-pin TTL IC), a
4-pin "half TTL" size oscillator module (also used on TWGS), or an on-card
circuit with a separate crystal (little 2-pin metal canister). To be able to
use a separate crystal, your ZipGS must have a resistor at R1 and capacitors
at C13 and C14. I've found these three parts to be missing from current Zips
which use an oscillator module.
Experimenting with different frequencies will be easier if you install a
14-pin socket for the oscillator module. (If your ZipGS has eyelets for a
16-pin socket*, leave the top two pins open.) It's also a good idea to
secure the module with one of those zip tie bands.
Only 6 of the 14 pins are connected (picture A). The Ground (GND) pins
1, 4 and 7 are connected together. The Power pins 11 and 14 are connected
together; and, pin 8 is the module Output. Full-size oscillator modules use
pins 1, 7, 8 and 14 (refer to picture B). Half-size oscillator modules use
the bottom four pins (4, 7, 8 and 11; picture C).
Make sure the module is oriented with the marked end (usually having a
dot and/or notch) facing upward. The lower two pins of the module should be
in the lowest two pins of the socket.
WARNING: The oscillator may be damaged if installed incorrectly.
* x x * _______
GND 1 o o 14 POWER 1 |o \ 14
NC x x NC | |
NC x x NC | FULL | ______
GND 4 o o 11 POWER | TTL | 4 |o \ 11
NC x x NC | | | HALF |
NC x x NC | | | TTL |
GND 7 o o 8 OUTPUT 7 \______/ 8 7 \_____/ 8
(A) (B) (C)
x - no connection (NC)
----------------------------
016- How do I modify my ZipGS to accept the new "skinny" RAM chips?
With a little modification you can make a Zip with wide sockets accept
both the wide (600 mil) and the newer 300 mil skinny 32k x 8 Static RAMs
(SRAMs). Ground yourself then carefully pry out the static rams. Look at the
socket and you will notice two or three horizontal bars holding both sides of
the socket together (Picture D). Carefully snip those out (wire cutters work
well for snipping plastic). This will expose a column of holes. Now, solder
in half of a socket.
Refer to Picture E below. Plug your skinny SRAMs into the left and
center columns making sure the notch on the static ram is facing up-- i.e.
toward top edge of board. (Applying power with a chip incorrectly socketed
could damage the chip.)
_______ Added center strip
Snip out |
___ ___________ Skinny RAMs plug in here
| | | | notched end facing up.
____ ____ _ _ _
|o __V__ o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o|__o__|o| |o| |o| |o|
|o _____ o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o|__o__|o| |o| |o| |o|
|o _____ o| |o| |o| |o|
(D) (E)
-----------------------------
017- Is it really necessary to increase board voltage
to do a TWGS/ZipGS speedup?
With the new 14 MHz parts, you should not need to mess with the voltage
at all. It _may_ be necessary to increase voltage at 15-16MHz and will likely
be necessary at higher frequencies (e.g. 20MHz).
-----------------------------
018- If I do a TWGS/ZipGS speedup mod, what kind of performance
increase can I expect?
This is just to give you a rough estimate of how much faster you might be
able to achieve...
BenchMark v5.0 results:
CPU Stock TWGS TWGS TWGS ZipGS ZipGS ZipGS
Version ROM 01 1.8s 1.8s 1.8s 1.0.2 1.0.2 1.0.2
Cache/Spd 32k/15 32k/15 32k/15 64k/?? 64k/?? 64k/??
Clock Spd 2.8 15 13.75 12.5 16 15 14
======= ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ======
Sieve 410.00 99.00 108.00 117.00 98.00 99.00 110.00
String 1151.20 270.00 292.00 303.67 259.00 262.00 282.00
Float 1 472.00 92.33 87.00 111.33 123.00 128.00 135.00
Float 2 1535.00 317.00 394.00 381.67 395.00 415.00 432.00
Fibinacci 2006.00 605.00 634.00 645.33 507.00 523.00 548.00
Integer 1553.40 307.00 330.00 346.67 420.00 431.00 443.00
Dhrystone 236 1136 1063 1000 NA NA NA
* 1351 1183 1282 NA NA
* Dhrystone v1.1 re-compiled under ORCA/C v2.0.1
System Software 5.0 QuickDraw II improvement test:
Stock //gs: 5648 ticks
TWGS 15 MHz: 1332 ticks (over 4x faster than stock)
If you look at the numbers, a 12 MHz or faster TWGS/Zip will make everything
just about 4x faster than a stock //gs.
____________________________
From: Scott G.
019- How can I modify my ZipGS for more cache and more speed?
The process described below is very simple. It aims for a speed of
12.5MHz (or better) with 64k cache.
First, you will need one of the new Western Design Center 14MHz
65C816's. Alltech Electronics stocks the WDC65C816-14MHz for $20. Students,
teachers, and professors can order the IC in single quantities directly from
WDC for around $7.
Adaptors: Nearly all of the newer, faster 32k x 8 SRAMs are in skinny
300-mil packages. If you would rather not modify your ZipGS for the skinny
SRAMs, Digi-Key stocks 300-mil to 600-mil adapter sockets for about $7 each.
The ones you want are part number A502-ND. You can plug a 28 pin SRAM into
the 300-mil adapter socket and the adapter in turn plugs into the 600-mil
socket on the Zip. (If you have some spare sockets lying around, you can
build your own cheap, but that's another story.)
2-4 32k x 8 SRAM chips: There are many sources for 32k x 8 SRAMs and
several types that will work. I got mine (HM62832-15, $5 each) from JDR
Microdevices. You'll want 15ns in the Tag RAM sockets. Up to around 12.5MHz,
you want 70ns or faster Data RAM. If current cache size is 64k, your old TAG
RAM chips will, usually, work as Data RAM and can be transferred to the Data
sockets. Otherwise, go ahead and get two 25ns-35ns 32k x 8 SRAM chips for the
Data RAM.
Data RAM should always be slower than Tag RAM. Barry Rees posted his
experiences on this matter (that Data should be significantly slower than
Tag) and I found that the original Tag chips were fast enough.
A "full size" oscillator module: Digi-Key, JDR, Mouser, ... have these.
Divide oscillator speed by four to get Zip speed. JDR has the OSC50.0 (50MHz
oscillator), which will make a 12.5MHz Zip. The oscillators are cheap enough
to get two or three for experimenting with higher speeds.
So, you just plug your Tag and Data RAM chips into the Digi-Key adapters
and plug the adapters into the Tag and Data sockets of the Zip. Then, you
install the new 65C816 and oscillator and make sure DIP switch 1-7 and 1-8
are both set OFF (for 64k cache). That's it, done completely without
soldering.
ZipGS boards vary. On some you may be able to go above 12.5MHz by just
plugging in a faster oscillator. On others, you may have to choose between
getting faster Data RAM or settling for a lower speed. The new 65C816 is
rated for 16MHz and many users have gone to 14MHz and above. For speeds above
12.5MHz, the usual recommendation is to get Data RAM rated at 35ns or better.
For a step-by-step guide, download my ZipUpgrade.SHK HyperCard stack at
ftp://ground.ecn.uiowa.edu/apple2/apple16/Hypermedia/Hypercard/ .
----------------------------
020- Do I need new GALs to speed up my TransWarpGS?
Not any more. The new 14MHz 65C816's available from WDC make it
unnecessary to swap in new GAL chips to go to higher speeds.
____________________________
From: Rubywand
021- I have an 8kB TransWarpGS. How does a cache upgrade compare
with a speed upgrade?
John Link charted some comparisons in 1991 involving nine setups:
no-TWGS, and 7, 8, 9, 10mHz boards before and after the 8kB-to-32kB cache
upgrade. He used three benchmarks:
1. time to calculate page breaks in a 218-page Appleworks document
2. time to scroll through a 39-page Awks-GS document
3. time to compile 4800 lines of MD-BASIC source code
For a 7mHz 8kB TWGS, the speed gain for the 32kB cache upgrade is roughly 33%
to nearly x2.5 plain GS speed.
For a 10mHz 8kB TWGS, the speed gain for the 32kB cache upgrade is roughly
33% to about x3.25 plain GS speed.
His charts shows that a 7mHz TWGS with the 32kB cache performs slightly
better than a 10mHz TWGS with 8kB cache on tests 1 and 3; it is a bit slower
on test 2.
----------------------------
022- How can I upgrade my TWGS to 32k cache?
SHH Systeme ( http://www.wbwip.com/shh/ ), a German company, sells the
cache upgrade piggyback board in various states of 'do-it-yourself'
readiness. The ready-to-go version is $69 (+ $14 S&H). It includes three 32K
cache RAMs (62256-15 or equivalent) and can support speed upgrades to 14MHz
or better.
SHH does not automatically include the firmware ROM. If your firmware
version is not v1.7 or v1.8, you will also need to order the v1.8 EPROM which
SHH sells for $12.
----------------------------
023- How can I upgrade TWGS speed?
The process is very similar to that described earlier for the ZipGS.
That is, you swap in a new 14MHz 65C816, a higher speed oscillator module,
and, possibly, faster 32k x 8 SRAM chips.
As with ZipGS, TransWarpGS speed = Osc Speed divided by 4. One
difference is that the TransWarpGS oscillator module is of the "half-size"
kind. Another is that, if RAM is upgraded, the usual practice is for all
three to have the same speed rating. If you do the SHH cache upgrade, there
should be no need to worry about replacing SRAM.
According to a 1992 Appleworks Forum article by John Link, you can get
to 12.5MHz with the new 65C816, a 50MHz oscillator, and 35ns SRAM. Higher
speeds would require faster SRAM. (The article mentions that increasing power
supply voltage to 5.5V allowed operation at 13.75MHz with a 55MHz oscillator
and 35ns SRAM; but, that malfunctions began to occur after 2 hours.)
TransWarpGS boards vary just as do ZipGS boards. Some can be pushed to
higher speeds than others. If you decide to do a speed upgrade, get two or
three oscillators to allow for some experimentation.
For a step-by-step guide, download Scott G's TWGSupgrade.SHK. HyperCard
stack at ftp://ground.ecn.uiowa.edu/apple2/apple16/Hypermedia/Hypercard/ .
---------------------------
024- What kind of RAMs do I need for a TWGS or ZipGS speedup?
You need fast 32k x 8 Static RAM in a 28-pin Dip package. If your RAM
sockets are "skinny" (about as fat as a typical 74xx TTL IC), you want a
300-mil wide package. Otherwise, you will need a 600-mil wide IC or a socket
adaptor for 300-mil (or do the socket mods described earlier in this FAQ).
Fast 600-mil package 32k x 8 SRAMs are fairly rare. However, the
IDT71256 is supposed to be available at good speeds (25ns-40ns) in a 600-mil
version from Integrated Device Technology.
The selection of 300-mil 32k x 8 SRAMs is much larger: Cypress's
CY7C199, Hitachi's HM62256, ... .
____________________________
From: Sandy
025- How can I tell the firmware version of my TWGS?
With the IIGS turned on, press CONTROL-Apple-ESCAPE And go to the
Transwarp CDA The ROM version will be displayed on the screen.
____________________________
From: Mitch Spector
026- Do I need I need the 2B GAL for my Transwarp-GS to use a
SCSI interface? If I do, where can I get one?
The TWGS-2B GAL was a DMA fix Applied Engineering issued for the board.
It is an absolute requirement for Transwarp to work at all with at least some
RamFAST SCSI boards (e.g. the revision C boards).
With Applied Engineering long since out of business and the GAL
virtually impossible to duplicate by convential means, that leaves no good
source for replacement GALs. I found it much more affordable (and less
hassle) to just purchase a used TransWarp GS board with the 2B GAL to replace
your old one.
----------------------------
From: Supertimer
RamFAST revision D does not require the 2B GAL. The Apple High Speed
SCSI card works with all TransWarps GS units.
____________________________
From: Rubywand
027- When I change my ZipGS's Speed, Misc, and Slot settings via
the Zip CDA, they are always lost after turning OFF the GS.
What's wrong? Do I need a new BatRAM battery?
No. The reason the settings are forgotten is that they are not saved in
BatRAM or on-disk. ZipGS settings made via the Zip CDA or via the Zip Control
Panel are only in effect for the current session of computing.
----------------------------
028- What do the check-marks mean next to settings in the ZipGS
CDA? Are they original factory settings or what?
More like "or what". The check-marks indicate the settings of the DIP
switches on your ZipGS board.
----------------------------
029- After installing my ZipGS along with the ZipGS CDA and other
software I've noticed that my ZipGS settings never seem to
match the ones I originally set via the on-board DIP
switches!?
There are two likely explanations. One is that your interpretation of
the settings is confused due to the rather poor explanations provided in the
Zip on-disk HyperStudio 'manual'. It does not help that names/descriptions of
the settings are not quite the same in the 'manual' and in the CDA or NDA.
For info on setting your on-board DIP switches, see question 001.
Another possibility is that when you installed the ZipGS software, you
installed ZipInit in your SYSTEM/SYSTEM.SETUP folder. If you did, then
whatever settings ZipInit is set up for will be the settings for your ZipGS
after booting. That is, ZipInit will over-ride your DIP switch settings.
ZipInit is intended for use on diskettes which, when booted, will set up
the ZipGS in some special way to match the software on the diskette. For
example, you might want to turn OFF the ZipGS or reduce its speed when
booting an arcade games diskette.
The cure for unwanted influence from ZipInit is to delete it from your
SYSTEM/SYSTEM.SETUP folder.
----------------------------
030- I have a ZipGS. Usually, it runs like a champ; but, sometimes
when I power-ON my GS, I get an all-white screen and the computer
just 'hangs'. What's going on?
It may be that your ZipGS card is not making good contact in its Slot
socket. This is a fairly nasty problem which has led users to pursue a number
of false cures.
With power OFF, pull your ZipGS board and inspect the bottom-of-card
connectors. What you will, most likely, notice is that the connector traces
end approximately 1/8 inch or so from the bottom of the card.
Unfortunately, the GS Slot sockets make contact rather near the bottom
of cards plugged into them-- roughly 1/8 inch or so from the bottom. The
reason your GS sometimes hangs is that, sometimes, the ZipGS card is not
making good contact with all Slot connectors.
One 'cure' is to make sure the ZipGS card's contacts are clean and that
the card is thoroughly plugged in-- i.e. well lined-up with Slot contacts and
inserted as far as it will go into the Slot socket.
A mildly tricky additional step is to use a small jeweller's screwdriver
to reach into the Slot socket and _carefully_ twist/pull/bend-out each
contact very slightly (naturally, with power OFF). You do not want any
contact to normally touch a contact across from it.
Whatever, if your GS starts okay and does not exhibit the same kind of
hanging in the future, you know that the ZipGS card is well socketed.
A more permanent, reliable cure is one _not_ recommended for someone
without experience working on circuit boards: You find a better Slot
connector socket-- one with gold contacts which touch plugged-in cards higher
up and with circuit board connections which will fit into the original
holes-- and replace the connector. This is a _very_ tricky replacement which
requires careful de-soldering of the original Slot socket, cleaning of
contact holes, and soldering-on the new socket-- all without burning the
circuit board or slicing traces on either side. Actually, slicing traces is
okay, IF you are prepared to repair the damage. (Yes; I did this replacement
on our GS. It works; but, If I had known what a hassle it would be, I
probably would never have done it!)
----------------------------
031- Ever since my accelerator speed upgrade it seems like my GS is
always experiencing random system crashes. What's the problem
and how can I fix it?
When a GS equipped with an accelerator experiences frequent crashes into
the monitor after a speed upgrade, the usual explanations are ...
1. the accelerator is over-clocked for the microprocessor or RAM;
2. there are serious noise spikes on the Slot power lines.
If you are 'pushing' your current RAM or using an old 65C816, you can
upgrade to faster chips or swap in a slower oscillator.
Often, the problem will be noise spikes related to increased current
load and/or increased sensitivity to noise related to faster clocking. See
the POWER FAQs for Power Supply and motherboard mods which should help.
----------------------------
032- I added a new accelerator board to my Apple and now my
system is constantly bombing. What's the problem and how
can I fix it?
Most likely, the accelerator board's current load has led to increased
noise on the +5V bus. See the POWER FAQs for Power Supply and motherboard
mods which should help.