Holger, Thank you for elaborating on my somewhat simplified version of how the 5.25 disk drive works on Apple II. I now know even more than I had about them. Bill @ GarberStreet Enterprises http://garberstreet.netfirms.com --- Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free. Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.449 / Virus Database: 251 - Release Date: 1/27/03