Yes, in principle. The difficulty is that you need application software
which can send the appropriate SCSI commands to control audio playback,
and present you with an appropriate user interface.
I wrote a rudimentary CD audio control program which ran in text mode
with a full screen listing about 40 different commands and prompting you
to select the command number. I had it running on the IIgs, but I think
it was running under ProDOS-8 and it didn't depend on any IIgs-specific
features, so it should work on the IIe.
I'll have to hunt it out, and getting it from my IIgs to the wide world
will be a little tricky these days.