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2000:A9 50 8D 5A C0 8D 5A C0 8D 5A C0 8D 5A C0 8E 5A
2010:C0 0A 8D 5A C0 20 00 BF 65 1D 20 00 00 04 00 00
2020:00 00 00 00
A 2000L should look something like this ...
2000: A9 50 LDA #$50
2002: 8D 5A C0 STA $C05A ; write $50 to $C05A four times to
2005: 8D 5A C0 STA $C05A ; enable access to the ZIP registers
2008: 8D 5A C0 STA $C05A
200B: 8D 5A C0 STA $C05A
200E: 8E 5A C0 STZ $C05A ; write $00 to $C05A to disable ZIP
2011: 0A ASL = SLOW mode
2012: 8D 5A C0 STA $C05A ; write $A0 to stop accessing ZIP
2015: 20 00 BF JSR $BF00 ; Do a ProDOS QUIT call
2018: 65 $65
2019: 1D 20 $201D
201B: 00 00 BRK $00
201D: 04 00 00 00 00 00 00
Use the following commands to save it:
CREATE SLOW,TSYS
BSAVE SLOW,TSYS,A$2000,L$24
To enable the ZipGS (= FAST mode), simply change one byte:
200F:5B
(this changes the STZ $C05A to STZ $C05B)
CREATE FAST,TSYS
BSAVE FAST,TSYS,A$2000,L$24
____________________________
From: William Baguhn
Reference: FAQs resource file R005SPLITC.GIF (pic file)
012- Is there some ZipGSx mod that will improve performance
without going to a faster crystal, etc.?
There is; you can do the ZipGSx Split Cache Mod. As your manual
explains, Zip GSX speed comes from having a faster processor which can
access code and data from its high-speed cache RAM. The standard 'GSX has
a unified cache, which means data and code have the possibility of
overlapping. If the cache controller sees a need to bring in a lot of
code, it will go to main memory and bring in up to 64k of code (or 16k in
a 16k cache system) and, possibly, overwrite useful data.
The reverse is also true. If the controller feels that a lot of data
needs to be brought in, it will cache the data, and, possibly, overwrite
useful code, causing another slowdown when the code needs to be fetched
again.
With a split cache, the code and data segments no longer overlap.
Caching code cannot overwrite data, caching data cannot overwrite code.
The drawback is that only 32k of data and 32k of code can be cached at
once (in a 64k system), but usually this provides for more speed than
being able to cache a 64k mix of both.
To do the mod, you'll need a ZipGSX version 1.02 with either 16k or
64k cache on it. If you're not sure exactly what board you have, it's
pretty straightforward to figure things out: open the computer and look at
the Zip. The board revision is silkscreened on just beneath the processor.
The cache size can be determined from the DIP switch settings.
However, a simpler guideline is look at the TAG/DATA sockets and count the
number of chips. If there are only 2 chips, you have either an 8k or a 32k
cache. If there are 4, then you should have 16k or 64k.
To modify your Zip for the Split Cache, you'll need a good hobby
knife that can cut the traces without damaging the board underneath too
badly, as well as two or three small lengths of wire. You will also need a
good pencil-style soldering iron, desoldering pump or braid, and high
quality rosin core (NOT acid core) solder. I use Radio Shack's .032 60/40
rosin core solder. Kester makes excellent quality solder which is sold at
many electronics supply shops.
There is a potential of damaging expensive and delicate hardware. For
example, when cutting a circuit trace be careful not to cut deeply, lest
you cut a trace in the next layer of the circuit board. If you're not
experienced with cutting traces or soldering on circuit boards, find an
old board and take some time to practice.
The actual mod is very simple. Steps 1-3 and 5 are for all boards.
Step 4 is for 16k cache boards only. (Note: The picture in FAQs resource
file R005SPLITC may be helpful for doing these mods.)
1. Locate J6 and J7. They are both blocks of 3 pinholes, which may or may
not have been soldered-in, near the bottom of the board next to connector
J1, where the gray cable attaches.
2. Cut the SMALL trace between pins 2 and 3 of both J6 and J7. This trace
is on the back (solder side) of the board.
3. Solder in a piece of wire between pins 1 and 3, of both J6 and J7. A
wire that has been bent into a U shape before soldering seems to work
best, both for ease of installation and aesthetic value.
4. 16k systems ONLY: (See the "16k" insert on the picture in FAQs resource
file R005SPLITC.) Cut the trace between pins 1 and 2 of J8 on the top
side of the board. (J8 is below the Cache SRAM sockets) Then, solder a
piece of wire between pins 2 and 3 of J8.
5. Set the DIP switches appropriately. The DIP switches needing to be set
are SW1-7 and SW1-8, they control the cache size. SW1-7 should be OFF for
64k, ON for 16k. SW1-8 should be ON.
Reversing these changes is fairly easy. If you decide that the
performance change was detrimental, simply desolder the wires that you
installed, and solder in wires to replace the traces that were cut.
I found that the split cache sped up my system notably, especially
under the Finder and other desktop applications. Improvement was much less
noticeable under text applications. (I haven't checked affect on compiling
speed, yet.)
----------------------------
From: Rubywand
I tried the split-cache mod on my 10MHz/64kB ZipGSx. Before/after
timings were done for several tasks including Scrolls through Finder
windows, Scrolls and Find/Replace through Coolwriter (super-res) and
Appleworks (plain text) documents, and Platinum Paint fills.
Timing differences were very small-- usually within the error
normally experienced when clicking a stopwatch for repetitions of
identical events. Where a difference was observable, it favored the
unified 64kB cache.
Evidently, at least on a 64kB board, the ZipGS does a fairly good job
of managing the unified cache. Possibly, the mod comes out ahead in some
tasks not sampled; or, it may work better on 16kB boards.
____________________________
From: Richard Der
013- I have a 7MHz ZipGS. How fast can the board be pushed without
getting new SRAMs or a new CPU? What parts do I need?
You may be able to get it to run at up to 10MHz by just replacing the
oscillator with a faster one for less than two dollars!
I have a Zip GS that came as a 7/32 and was used at 7MHz for a long
time. The board came with a socketed oscillator, so one day I swapped out
the 28MHz oscillator for a 36MHz one. The computer booted up at 9MHz. When
the 36MHz osc was replaced with a 40MHz osc, the Zip ran at an amazing
10MHz!
Your mileage may vary, though. The GS that this upgraded Zip resides
in has a high output power supply. Still, considering these oscillators
cost $1.39 each, it is worth getting three or four and trying an
oscillator swap alone first. If a faster oscillator alone won't do the
trick, then a faster CPU and/or faster cache chips may be necessary.
Good Luck!
____________________________
From: Frank M. Lin
014- What Oscillator freq corresponds to what TWGS/ZipGS operating speed?
For TWGS and ZipGS, the crystal oscillators runs at 4 times the speed
of the 65816. Below is a chart showing osc and corresponding TWGS or ZipGS
speed.
Osc Frequency MHz TWGS/ZipGS Speed MHz
32 8
33.3333 8.3333
36 9
40 10
42 10.5
46 11.5
48 12
50 12.5
55 13.75
60 15
My understanding is that, if you over-clock a CPU. It just won't
function. You can't damage it. As the disclaimer said, do it at your own
risk. I have tried to run my TWGS at 20 MHz, system won't boot at all. No
damage.
----------------------------
015- How do I experiment with different oscillator frequencies?
Most of the following is from a piece on ZipGS upgrading by Long. It
is also a useful guide for TWGS owners.
The Zip can use three types of crystals including the common 4-pin
full TTL crystal oscillator, 4-pin 1/2 TTL crystal oscillator (also used
on TWGS) and 2-pin crystal (little metal canister about 1/4 the size of
1/2 TTL). To be able to use a 2-pin crystal, your Zip must have a
resistor at R1 and capacitors at C13 and C14. I've found these three
parts to be missing from current Zips. No big loss since 2-pin crystals
are less common and are only available up to a certain frequency.
For experimenting with different frequencies it makes it easier if
you install a socket for the crystal oscillator. It's also a good idea to
secure the module with one of those zip tie bands. Only 6 of the 14 pins
are used (picture A). The ground (GND) pins 1, 4 and 7 are connected
together. The power pins 11 and 14 are connected together. Full TTL
crystal oscillators use pins 1, 7, 8 and 14 (refer to picture B). 1/2 TTL
crystal oscillators use the bottom four pins (4, 7, 8 and 14; picture C).
Make sure it's oriented correctly with the corner (usually with a dot
printed next to it) at about 11 o'clock.
*WARNING* The crystal oscillator will be damaged if installed
incorrectly.
_______
GND 1 o o 14 POWER 1 |o \ 14
NC x x NC | |
NC x x NC | FULL | ______
GND 4 o o 11 POWER | TTL | 4 |o \ 14
NC x x NC | | | 1/2 |
NC x x NC | | | TTL |
GND 7 o o 8 CLOCK 7 \______/ 8 7 \_____/ 8
(A) (B) (C)
x - no connection (NC)
----------------------------
016- How do I modify my ZipGS to accept the new "skinny" RAM chips?
With a little modification you can make a Zip with wide sockets
accept both the wide (600 mil) and the newer 300 mil skinny 32k x 8 Static
RAMs (SRAMs). Ground yourself then carefully pry out the static rams.
Look at the socket and you will notice two or three horizontal bars
holding both sides of the socket together (Picture D). Carefully snip
those out (wire cutters work well for snipping plastic). This will expose
a column of holes. Now, solder in half of a socket.
Refer to Picture E below. Plug your skinny SRAMs into the left and
center columns making sure the notch on the static ram is facing up-- i.e.
toward top edge of board. (Applying power with a chip incorrectly socketed
could damage the chip.)
CUT
___ ___________ Skinny RAMs plug in here
| | | | notched end facing up.
____ ____ _ _ _
|o __V__ o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o|__o__|o| |o| |o| |o|
|o _____ o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o| o |o| |o| |o| |o|
|o|__o__|o| |o| |o| |o|
|o _____ o| |o| |o| |o|
(D) (E)
-----------------------------
017- Is it really necessary to increase board voltage
to do a TWGS/ZipGS speedup?
With the new 14 MHz parts, you should not need to mess with the
voltage at all. It _may_ be necessary to increase voltage at 15-16MHz and
will likely be necessary at higher frequencies (e.g. 20MHz).
-----------------------------
018- If I do a TWGS/ZipGS speedup mod, what kind of performance
increase can I expect?
This is just to give you a rough estimate of how much faster you might be
able to achieve...
BenchMark v5.0 results:
CPU Stock TWGS TWGS TWGS ZipGS ZipGS ZipGS
Version ROM 01 1.8s 1.8s 1.8s 1.0.2 1.0.2 1.0.2
Cache/Spd 32k/15 32k/15 32k/15 64k/?? 64k/?? 64k/??
Clock Spd 2.8 15 13.75 12.5 16 15 14
======= ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ======
Sieve 410.00 99.00 108.00 117.00 98.00 99.00 110.00
String 1151.20 270.00 292.00 303.67 259.00 262.00 282.00
Float 1 472.00 92.33 87.00 111.33 123.00 128.00 135.00
Float 2 1535.00 317.00 394.00 381.67 395.00 415.00 432.00
Fibinacci 2006.00 605.00 634.00 645.33 507.00 523.00 548.00
Integer 1553.40 307.00 330.00 346.67 420.00 431.00 443.00
Dhrystone 236 1136 1063 1000 NA NA NA
* 1351 1183 1282 NA NA
* Dhrystone v1.1 re-compiled under ORCA/C v2.0.1
System Software 5.0 QuickDraw II improvement test:
Stock //gs: 5648 ticks
TWGS 15 MHz: 1332 ticks (over 4x faster than stock)
If you look at the numbers, a 12 MHz or faster TWGS/Zip will make
everything just about 4x faster than a stock //gs.
____________________________
From: Scott G.
019- How can I modify my ZipGS for more cache and more speed?
The process described below is very simple. It aims for a speed of
12.5MHz (or better) with 64k cache.
First, you will need one of the new Western Design Center 14MHz
65C816's. Alltech Electronics stocks the WDC65C816-14MHz for $20.
Students, teachers, and professors can order the IC in single quantities
directly from WDC for around $7.
Adaptors: Nearly all of the newer, faster 32k x 8 SRAMs are in skinny
300-mil packages. If you would rather not modify your ZipGS for the skinny
SRAMs, Digi-Key stocks 300-mil to 600-mil adapter sockets for about $7
each. The ones you want are part number A502-ND. You can plug a 28 pin
SRAM into the 300-mil adapter socket and the adapter in turn plugs into
the 600-mil socket on the Zip. (If you have some spare sockets lying
around, you can build your own cheap, but that's another story.)
2-4 32k x 8 SRAM chips: There are many sources for 32k x 8 SRAMs and
several types that will work. I got mine (HM62832-15, $5 each) from JDR
Microdevices. You'll want 15ns in the Tag RAM sockets. Up to around
12.5MHz, you want 70ns or faster Data RAM. If current cache size is 64k,
your old TAG RAM chips will, usually, work as Data RAM and can be
transferred to the Data sockets. Otherwise, go ahead and get two 25ns-35ns
32k x 8 SRAM chips for the Data RAM.
Data RAM should always be slower than Tag RAM. Barry Rees posted his
experiences on this matter (that Data should be significantly slower than
Tag) and I found that the original Tag chips were fast enough.
A "full size" oscillator module: Digi-Key, JDR, Mouser, ... have
these. Divide oscillator speed by four to get Zip speed. JDR has the
OSC50.0 (50MHz oscillator), which will make a 12.5MHz Zip. The oscillators
are cheap enough to get two or three for experimenting with higher speeds.
So, you just plug your Tag and Data RAM chips into the Digi-Key
adapters and plug the adapters into the Tag and Data sockets of the Zip.
Then, you install the new 65C816 and oscillator and make sure DIP switch
1-7 and 1-8 are both set OFF (for 64k cache). That's it, done completely
without soldering.
ZipGS boards vary. On some you may be able to go above 12.5MHz by
just plugging in a faster oscillator. On others, you may have to choose
between getting faster Data RAM or settling for a lower speed. The new
65C816 is rated for 16MHz and many users have gone to 14MHz and above. For
speeds above 12.5MHz, the usual recommendation is to get Data RAM rated at
35ns or better.
For a step-by-step guide, download my ZipUpgrade.SHK HyperCard stack
at ftp://ground.ecn.uiowa.edu/apple2/apple16/Hypermedia/Hypercard/ .
----------------------------
020- Do I need new GALs to speed up my TransWarpGS?
Not any more. The new 14MHz 65C816's available from WDC make it
unnecessary to swap in new GAL chips to go to higher speeds.
____________________________
From: Rubywand
021- I have an 8kB TransWarpGS. How does a cache upgrade compare
with a speed upgrade?
John Link charted some comparisons in 1991 involving nine setups:
no-TWGS, and 7, 8, 9, 10mHz boards before and after the 8kB-to-32kB cache
upgrade. He used three benchmarks:
1. time to calculate page breaks in a 218-page Appleworks document
2. time to scroll through a 39-page Awks-GS document
3. time to compile 4800 lines of MD-BASIC source code
For a 7mHz 8kB TWGS, the speed gain for the 32kB cache upgrade is roughly
33% to nearly x2.5 plain GS speed.
For a 10mHz 8kB TWGS, the speed gain for the 32kB cache upgrade is roughly
33% to about x3.25 plain GS speed.
His charts shows that a 7mHz TWGS with the 32kB cache performs
slightly better than a 10mHz TWGS with 8kB cache on tests 1 and 3; it is a
bit slower on test 2.
----------------------------
022- How can I upgrade my TWGS to 32k cache?
SHH Systeme ( http://users.ids.net/~kerwood/shh.html ), a German
company, sells the cache upgrade piggyback board in various states of
'do-it-yourself' readiness. The ready-to-go version is $69 (+ $14 S&H). It
includes three 32K cache RAMs (62256-15 or equivalent) and can support
speed upgrades to 14MHz or better.
SHH does not automatically include the firmware ROM. If your firmware
version is not v1.7 or v1.8, you will also need to order the v1.8 EPROM
which SHH sells for $12.
----------------------------
023- How can I upgrade TWGS speed?
The process is very similar to that described earlier for the ZipGS.
That is, you swap in a new 14MHz 65C816, a higher speed oscillator module,
and, possibly, faster 32k x 8 SRAM chips.
As with ZipGS, TransWarpGS speed = Osc Speed divided by 4. One
difference is that the TransWarpGS oscillator module is of the "half-size"
kind. Another is that, if RAM is upgraded, the usual practice is for all
three to have the same speed rating. If you do the SHH cache upgrade,
there should be no need to worry about replacing SRAM.
According to a 1992 Appleworks Forum article by John Link, you can
get to 12.5MHz with the new 65C816, a 50MHz oscillator, and 35ns SRAM.
Higher speeds would require faster SRAM. (The article mentions that
increasing power supply voltage to 5.5V allowed operation at 13.75MHz with
a 55MHz oscillator and 35ns SRAM; but, that malfunctions began to occur
after 2 hours.)
TransWarpGS boards vary just as do ZipGS boards. Some can be pushed
to higher speeds than others. If you decide to do a speed upgrade, get two
or three oscillators to allow for some experimentation.
For a step-by-step guide, download Scott G's TWGSupgrade.SHK.
HyperCard stack at
ftp://ground.ecn.uiowa.edu/apple2/apple16/Hypermedia/Hypercard/ .
---------------------------
024- What kind of RAMs do I need for a TWGS or ZipGS speedup?
You need fast 32k x 8 Static RAM in a 28-pin Dip package. If your RAM
sockets are "skinny" (about as fat as a typical 74xx TTL IC), you want a
300-mil wide package. Otherwise, you will need a 600-mil wide IC or a
socket adaptor for 300-mil (or do the socket mods described earlier in
this FAQ).
Fast 600-mil package 32k x 8 SRAMs are fairly rare. However, the
IDT71256 is supposed to be available at good speeds (25ns-40ns) in a
600-mil version from Integrated Device Technology.
The selection of 300-mil 32k x 8 SRAMs is much larger: Cypress's
CY7C199, Hitachi's HM62256, ... .
____________________________
From: Sandy
025- How can I tell the firmware version of my TWGS?
With the IIGS turned on, press CONTROL-Apple-ESCAPE And go to the
Transwarp CDA The ROM version will be displayed on the screen.
____________________________
From: Mitch Spector
026- Do I need I need the 2B GAL for my Transwarp-GS to use a
SCSI interface? If I do, where can I get one?
The TWGS-2B GAL was a DMA fix Applied Engineering issued for the
board. It is an absolute requirement for Transwarp to work at all with at
least some RamFAST SCSI boards (e.g. the revision C boards).
With Applied Engineering long since out of business and the GAL
virtually impossible to duplicate by convential means, that leaves no good
source for replacement GALs. I found it much more affordable (and less
hassle) to just purchase a used TransWarp GS board with the 2B GAL to
replace your old one.
----------------------------
From: Supertimer
RamFAST revision D does not require the 2B GAL. The Apple High Speed
SCSI card works with all TransWarps GS units.
____________________________
From: Rubywand
027- When I change my ZipGS's Speed, Misc, and Slot settings via
the Zip CDA, they are always lost after turning OFF the GS.
What's wrong? Do I need a new BatRAM battery?
No. The reason the settings are forgotten is that they are not saved
in BatRAM or on-disk. ZipGS settings made via the Zip CDA or via the Zip
Control Panel are only in effect for the current session of computing.
----------------------------
028- What do the check-marks mean next to settings in the ZipGS
CDA? Are they original factory settings or what?
More like "or what". The check-marks indicate the settings of the DIP
switches on your ZipGS board.
----------------------------
029- After installing my ZipGS along with the ZipGS CDA and other
software I've noticed that my ZipGS settings never seem to
match the ones I originally set via the on-board DIP
switches!?
There are two likely explanations. One is that your interpretation of
the settings is confused due to the rather poor explanations provided in
the Zip on-disk HyperStudio 'manual'. It does not help that
names/descriptions of the settings are not quite the same in the 'manual'
and in the CDA or NDA.
For info on setting your on-board DIP switches, see question 001.
Another possibility is that when you installed the ZipGS software,
you installed ZipInit in your SYSTEM/SYSTEM.SETUP folder. If you did, then
whatever settings ZipInit is set up for will be the settings for your
ZipGS after booting. That is, ZipInit will over-ride your DIP switch
settings.
ZipInit is intended for use on diskettes which, when booted, will set
up the ZipGS in some special way to match the software on the diskette.
For example, you might want to turn OFF the ZipGS or reduce its speed when
booting an arcade games diskette.
The cure for unwanted influence from ZipInit is to delete it from
your SYSTEM/SYSTEM.SETUP folder.
----------------------------
030- I have a ZipGS. Usually, it runs like a champ; but, sometimes
when I power-ON my GS, I get an all-white screen and the computer
just 'hangs'. What's going on?
It may be that your ZipGS card is not making good contact in its Slot
socket. This is a fairly nasty problem which has led users to pursue a
number of false cures.
With power OFF, pull your ZipGS board and inspect the bottom-of-card
connectors. What you will, most likely, notice is that the connector
traces end approximately 1/8 inch or so from the bottom of the card.
Unfortunately, the GS Slot sockets make contact rather near the
bottom of cards plugged into them-- roughly 1/8 inch or so from the
bottom. The reason your GS sometimes hangs is that, sometimes, the ZipGS
card is not making good contact with all Slot connectors.
One 'cure' is to make sure the ZipGS card's contacts are clean and
that the card is thoroughly plugged in-- i.e. well lined-up with Slot
contacts and inserted as far as it will go into the Slot socket.
A mildly tricky additional step is to use a small jeweller's
screwdriver to reach into the Slot socket and _carefully_
twist/pull/bend-out each contact very slightly (naturally, with power
OFF). You do not want any contact to normally touch a contact across from
it.
Whatever, if your GS starts okay and does not exhibit the same kind
of hanging in the future, you know that the ZipGS card is well socketed.
A more permanent, reliable cure is one _not_ recommended for someone
without experience working on circuit boards: You find a better Slot
connector socket-- one with gold contacts which touch plugged-in cards
higher up and with circuit board connections which will fit into the
original holes-- and replace the connector. This is a _very_ tricky
replacement which requires careful de-soldering of the original Slot
socket, cleaning of contact holes, and soldering-on the new socket-- all
without burning the circuit board or slicing traces on either side.
Actually, slicing traces is okay, IF you are prepared to repair the
damage. (Yes; I did this replacement on our GS. It works; but, If I had
known what a hassle it would be, I probably would never have done it!)
----------------------------
031- Ever since my accelerator speed upgrade it seems like my GS is
always experiencing random system crashes. What's the problem
and how can I fix it?
When a GS equipped with an accelerator experiences frequent crashes
into the monitor after a speed upgrade, the usual explanations are ...
1. the accelerator is over-clocked for the microprocessor or RAM;
2. there are serious noise spikes on the Slot power lines.
If you are 'pushing' your current RAM or using an old 65C816, you can
upgrade to faster chips or swap in a slower oscillator.
Often, the problem will be noise spikes related to increased current
load and/or increased sensitivity to noise related to faster clocking. See
the POWER FAQs for Power Supply and motherboard mods which should help.
----------------------------
032- I added a new accelerator board to my Apple and now my
system is constantly bombing. What's the problem and how
can I fix it?
Most likely, the accelerator board's current load has led to
increased noise on the +5V bus. See the POWER FAQs for Power Supply and
motherboard mods which should help.
____________________________