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Re: Steal RAM -- Question



sicklittlemonkey wrote:
Michael J. Mahon wrote:

Prior to the //c, the toggle was AC-coupled to the Darlington driver
through an RC circuit with a time constant of about 5 milliseconds.

The effect is that no matter which way the toggle goes, after 5-10
milliseconds, it's back to its "rest" state: no current through speaker.

As long as the toggle is changing at least every 5-10 milliseconds
(100-200Hz), the AC-coupling makes little difference, and the speaker
sees each toggle as a full-scale current transition.

But if more than 5-10 ms. elapses between toggles, then what happens
on the *next* toggle depends on whether it is high-to-low or low-to-
high.  If it is high-to-low, it will simply try to turn off the already
off Darlington driver, producing essentially no sound.  If it is a
low-to-high transition, then it will produce a maximum "tick".

As a result, sounds with toggle intervals longer than 5-10 ms. or--
very importantly--short sounds with asymmetric pulses *separated* by
periods of silence *will* be affected, since the "attack" caused by
the first speaker pulse will either be heard or not, depending on the
initial state of the speaker toggle.

In the //c, the actual circuit of the audio op amp is not given, but
the diagram suggests that it is DC-coupled to the toggle, so it shows
no time-constant effects.


The above explanation, while excellent, is suffiently dense to those of
us without formal electronics training (I had to look up AC-coupled,
for instance) that I went back to Sather just to remind myself how
little he had written about the speaker. In his //e book the nearly
obsolete cassette port gets considerably more converage!

A version of the above explanation - expanded for the attentive layman
in the style of Sather - would form an invaluable supplement to his
works.

Still, I basically got that the AC-coupling acts as a high-pass filter,
and that its response time means that after 5-10ms the voltage on both
sides is equalized, resulting in the speaker "rest" state. I don't
pretend to understand the analog circuit, but the implications you
mention follow nicely.

Your understanding is correct.

I can't think of any topic that he left so undone. Can you?

No, I can't.  I can only presume that he found the speaker less
interesting, but it is an unusual gap--particularly since the
characteristics of the circuit are so non-intuitive.

-michael

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